Historically, technology development for rural areas has followed tinkering approach or use of rudimentary technology. It is shown that very sophisticated science and technology is needed for producing devices for rural applications. This process can also result in fundamental research.

This study was carried out to assess the fluoride concentration in groundwater in some villages of northern Rajasthan, India, where groundwater is the main source of drinking water. Water samples collected form deep aquifer based hand-pumps were analysed for fluoride content. Fluoride in presently studied sites was recorded in the ranges of 4.78 and 1.01 mg/l.

In the present study different water quality parameters i.e. physico-chemical, heavy metals, haloalkanes, pesticides & most probable number of bacteria were analyzed in pre-monsoon, during monsoon & post monsoon season. The study area selected was Narayangiri Filtration Plant in Bhopal city.

The goal of any water treatment plant is to supply safe drinking water to the consumers. This study was conducted to generate a scientific Water Quality (WQ) data at treatment plant, underground reservoirs (UGRs) and consumer's end at seven municipalities for a period of fifteen months.