Composting

Due to increasing environmental concerns in the wastewater treatment sector, the environmental impacts of organic waste disposal procedures require careful evaluation. However, the impacts related to the return of organic matter to agricultural soils are difficult to assess.

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Agriculture in what is now Mexico City can be traced back to the great city of Tenochtitlán, one of the most important urban centres in Mesoamerica (Palerm, 1990). New forms of agriculture have recently emerged in and around Mexico City, which, like those in prehispanic times, can be categorised as urban ecosystems because the majority of the inputs are obtained from the bioregion.

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If human urine is properly collected and used for agriculture, it contributes to improved environmental sanitation in cities and reduces the costs of crop production. The innovation lies in the integration of agriculture, environment and sanitation sectors.

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To better understand the linkage between sanitation and agriculture at municipal scale, a study was carried out that addressed the following research questions: - How does a larger investment in flush toilets affect water quality and urban farmers? - How much of the nutrient demand of urban farmers could be covered through waste composting?

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Rapid urbanisation in developing countries intensifies the challenges of making sufficient food available for the increasing urban population, and managing the related waste flow. Unlike in rural communities, there is usually little or no return of food biomass and related nutrients into the food production process. Most waste ends up on landfills or pollutes the urban environment.

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The disposal of waste presents an increasing challenge to the administrative bodies of megacities. The Municipal Corporation of the Indian city Pune has introduced source separation systems and onsite organic waste composting. The citizens concerned are looking for practical ways to treat their organic wastes and they have found city farming to be a viable solution.

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During the day, Amanjeet Gill is a diplomat, tall, urbane and well travelled. But on weekends, 41-year-old Gill becomes a farmer. He is the driving force behind a non-profit called the Farmer’s First Foundation which runs a model farm in Bilaspur village, around 65 km from Delhi.

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Malawi’s green revolution success story has been lauded around the world.

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Chromolaena odorata (Eupatorium odoratum), commonly known as Eupatorium, is an introduced weed which became a menace in plantations, forests, marginal lands and open areas in the Western Ghats region of Karnataka. The weed calls for effective control by applying suitable methods.