Three automakers, including the Ford Motor Company, will get the first $8 billion from a $25 billion loan program intended to accelerate development of more fuel-efficient vehicles, the national energy secretary said Tuesday. Ford, the only Detroit automaker that did not receive emergency government loans this year, will get $5.9 billion to help it retool 11 factories in the Midwest. The money, about half as much as Ford had requested, will help it make 13 of its models more fuel-efficient. Ford plans to start selling four models of electric vehicles by 2012. The payouts were announced by the energy secretary, Steven Chu, during a visit to Ford