Dispelling earlier notions of a sandy and stony Satpura Basin, new research findings by geoscientists in Calcutta has revealed that pre historic Gondwana in Madhya Pradesh actually had a semi-arid climate, a maze of rivers criss-crossing each other and tender muddy banks. The findings, which provide new insight into the topography of the region and might influence contemporary theories of the evolution of life, also show that concentration of carbon dioxide in Satpura's jurassic air was nine times more than present day value.