Finance

Annual SDG Review 2025: Financial inclusion in the Arab region

Nearly 65% of adults in the Arab region remain excluded from formal financial systems, according to a new report by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA). The Annual SDG Review 2025 paints a sobering picture of persistent financial exclusion that is undermining the region’s ability …

Financial performance and corporate governance: evidence from national development banks in Africa

National development banks (NDBs) have huge potential to support their country’s development strategies and the transition to low-carbon, climate-resilient economies. However, a perception of problematic governance and weak performance means that these banks may be overlooked, both in terms of their potential role in supporting national development, and as partners …

Improving access to the Green Climate Fund: how the fund can better support Developing Country institutions

The Green Climate Fund is a globally important source of finance for projects in developing countries that address climate goals. Central to the GCF’s formation is an emphasis on providing funds directly to developing country institutions. Through “direct access” it seeks to fund a diverse set of stakeholders including public, …

Municipal Performance Index 2020

The Municipal Performance Index (MPI) was launched as an accompaniment to the Ease of Living Index. It seeks to examine local government practice in municipalities across areas of services, finance, policy, technology and governance. It seeks to simplify and evaluate the complexities in local governance practice and promote the ethos …

Public international funding of nature-based solutions for adaptation: a landscape assessment

This paper provides the first assessment of the landscape of public international funding for nature-based solutions for climate adaptation, covering both climate finance and Official Development Assistance (ODA). It seeks to help donor countries, multilateral institutions, and developing countries better understand the current state of funding, and provides recommendations to …

Renewable energy auctions in Colombia: Context, design and results

Renewable energy auctions in Colombia were designed to complement the country’s electricity market mechanisms, which were insufficient to attract non-hydro renewable energy development on a large scale. They now provide Colombia with opportunities to diversify power supply and increase the resilience of the power sector, while also fostering investor confidence. …

From double shock to double recovery: implications and options for health financing in the time of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a double shock - health and economic. As of March 1, 2021, COVID-19 has cost more than 2.5 million lives and triggered an economic recession surpassing any economic downturn since World War II. Part I of this paper explores the impact of this current …

Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2021

The government’s expectations in the budget that there would be significant improvement in the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) in the coming financial year owed to several high frequency indicators about State’s economy, which was on the path of a rapid V-shaped recovery. A V-shaped recovery is characterised by a …

Financing CCS in Developing Countries

For CCS to fulfill its potential in reducing significant global emissions, this technology must be deployed in all parts of the world. Yet there are currently very few CCS projects in developing countries. This report was commissioned by ClearPath and Southern Company to examine the role of climate finance in …

A framework for tracking cooling investment

This knowledge brief, produced in partnership with Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL), proposes a new approach to identify and track cooling transactions, a first step toward understanding current finance commitments and acting on growing global needs for sustainable cooling solutions. Global cooling needs are significant and expected to continue growing …

Improving the impact of fiscal stimulus in Asia: An analysis of green recovery investments and opportunities

This study, jointly produced by Climate Policy Initiative and Vivid Economics maps the ‘greenness’ of these fiscal stimulus measures and their contribution towards country-level climate objectives. Compared to business-as-usual stimulus measures, green stimulus measures have been proven to provide both short-term economic gains and build national wealth in the long-term. …

Tamil Nadu Industrial Policy 2021

Tamil Nadu announced its new industrial policy to provide further fillip to the industrial growth in the State by attracting more investments. Tamil Nadu Industrial Policy 2021-2025, which was unveiled by the State Chief Minister aims to achieve four key objectives — to attract investments worth over ₹10-lakh crore ($135 …

One Hundred and Fifty Eighth Report on attracting investment in post-Covid economy: challenges and opportunities for India

Despite the Centre and various state governments announcing several initiatives to attract multinationals looking to shift base outside China post-Covid-19 pandemic, India has been left behind by countries like Vietnam, Taiwan and Thailand, which have emerged as the preferred destinations for most such companies. Taking note of this, a parliamentary …

The potential for scaling climate finance in China

This report provides an overview of the potential for climate finance, green finance and innovative finance to accelerate China’s decarbonization and support its transition to a green economy. As one of the first countries to emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and start on a path towards recovery, coupled with …

Assessing physical risks from climate change: do companies and financial organizations have sufficient guidance?

The purpose of this paper is to provide companies and financial organizations with a common understanding of climate-related physical risks according to climate science, to identify gaps in the publicly available guidance to assess those risks, and to propose potential resources that would facilitate better risk assessment and, in turn, …

Capital flows underpinning India’s energy transformation

According to the report 'Capital Flows Underpinning India's Energy Transformation' released by Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), India needs an Investment of USD 500 Billion to reach its target of 450 Gigawatts (GW) of Renewable Energy (RE) by 2030. With India recording an 18% year-on-year decline to …

Climate change budget tagging: a review of international experience

The purpose of this report is to provide development practitioners and government officials with an understanding of the context and key design features of climate budget tagging initiatives. It is based on a review of 18 climate budgeting tagging methodologies as well as key informant interviews with practitioners during 2020. …

Financing India’s disaster risk resilience strategy

In this paper, we try to cover a whole range of polices and schemes that have been undertaken in India to finance disaster risk resilience (DRR). This paper tries to emphasise the importance of DRR in dealing with natural catastrophes by integrating DRR and climate change adaptation strategies for the …

Adaptation finance in the context of Covid-19

A world in which global crop yields fall by almost one-third, billions of people are left with insufficient water, and hundreds of millions in coastal cities are forced from their homes is not some dystopian fantasy. It is part of the stark reality facing our planet if do not collectively …

Guidelines for building a national landscape of climate finance

Since 2011, Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) has produced The Global Landscape of Climate Finance series (the Landscape), which is the most comprehensive inventory of climate change investment available. It provides a visual and descriptive snapshot of how much and what kind of finance is flowing toward low carbon and climate …

Adaptation Gap Report 2020

The UNEP Adaptation Gap Report 2020 finds that while nations have advanced in planning, huge gaps remain in finance for developing countries and bringing adaptation projects to the stage where they bring real protection against climate impacts such as droughts, floods and sea-level rise. Public and private finance for adaptation …

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