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The formula

category i: It includes indicators of sustainable food availability and production. Under this, the present production security has been assessed on the basis of the following factors:

• Net sown area

• Percentage change in net sown area over eight years

• Food grain production per capita.

Further, environmental sustenance of the present production is measured in terms of:

• Per capita forest cover

• Unexploited surface water

• Unexploited groundwater

• Area degraded as a percentage of total geographical area

• Percentage of leguminous crops in the gross cropped area.

The study notes that unexploited natural resources and soil fertility are more crucial pointers for sustainable food production than mere agricultural area and its future expansion.

category ii: This comprises indicators of sustainable food access. The following parameters are considered in order to calculate the present livelihood security:

• Percentage of population below the poverty line

• Ratio of non-agricultural workers to total workers.

Future livelihood sustenance indicators include:

• Instability in cereal production in the past 10 years

• Average size of landholding

• Landless labour households as a percentage of total households

• Percentage of population in non-crop agricultural enterprises

• Dense forest cover per lakh of population.

These criteria are used to measure sustainability of livelihoods of people dependent on land and forests, either directly for food and income or indirectly for water, fuelwood and wild food.

category iii: It contains the following indicators of food absorption:

• Infant mortality rate

• Percentage of population with access to safe drinking water.

They represent the state of healthcare and basic amenities necessary for better food absorption.

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