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Congestion pricing, air pollution, and individual-level behavioural responses

Combatting climate change and poor urban air quality will require a fundamental shift towards greener modes of transport. Policies that incentivise individuals to choose low-emission alternatives to conventional transport will likely play a key role in this transition. This paper examines the example of congestion charging and shows that diļ¬€erentiating driving costs by time of day and vehicle type can help to improve urban air quality, reduce driving and induce adoption of electric vehicles.