This study evaluates the effectiveness of policies in curtailing emissions from heavy-duty vehicles over the 2012-2021 period and lays a foundation for developing future regulations for direct control
India’s light vehicle fuel consumption standards currently ignore both direct and indirect emissions from mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems. The MAC does not operate during the official tests that
Tractors in India are an increasing source of carbon emissions and criteria pollutants, driven by India’s role as a global leader in agricultural production. These emissions could continue as mechanization
The objectives of this paper are to assess the status of zero-emission HDV deployment and policies in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs), evaluate the major policy levers for HDV electrification,
Although only three new electric buses were registered in India in 2015, that grew to 1,176 new electric buses registered in the year 2021 alone. Some transit authorities in India have been operating electric
This policy update summarizes the steps taken by Chile in relation to its new energy efficiency law and its targets for zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), and it analyzes the implications of these two policies
There is increasing interest in hybrid vehicles globally and India is no exception. With passenger car CO2 standards expected to become more stringent in the coming years, manufacturers are likely to turn
This study analyzes the application of fuel cells in long-haul tractor-trailers, including technology trends for powertrain architecture, fuel cell units, and hydrogen storage. In addition, it quantifies
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of mild-hybrid technology and recent developments in 48V mild hybridization of conventional vehicle powertrains. It estimates the CO2 reduction potential, as
This report takes a first look at China’s domestic coastal shipping sector and provides recommendations for actionable long-term decarbonization pathways designed to avoid exceeding its current share of
